Description(s):
Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to high glucose levels in the blood, and insulin helps to bring blood sugar levels back down by promoting glucose absorption and metabolism in cells. In diabetes mellitus, insulin activity is decreased or absent, which results in high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, beta cells are destroyed by the immune system through an autoimmune reaction. As a result, insulin cannot be produced by the pancreas, and blood sugar levels become elevated without treatment. In type 2 diabetes, beta cell activity is disrupted, but not completely eliminated like in type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, in which cells are unresponsive to the concentration of blood glucose despite the secretion of insulin into the blood. Type 1 diabetes can distinguished from type 2 diabetes by testing for the presence of autoantibodies that target insulin.
Principle
The Human Anti-Insulin ELISA Kit detects anti-insulin antibodies in human serum. This kit utilizes a plate coated with insulin to immobilize the autoantibodies of interest. Anti-human IgG antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to label the insulin-bound antibodies, and the antibodies are detected by adding the HRP substrate, TMB, which forms a blue color in the presence of HRP. The color reaction is then terminated with Stop Solution, which causes the blue color to change to yellow. The autoimmune antibody concentration in each well is directly proportional to its color intensity and can be quantified by measuring its optical density at 450 nm (OD450) in a microplate reader.
