Characterization

Description(s):

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a conserved and essential stress response that cells activate to combat endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, commonly caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins or failing protein quality control.   UPR signaling has been identified as one of the avenues leading to the inflammatory response. The integration of ER stress, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response is critical to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as  diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and obesity.  It has been demonstrated that some cytokines can activate ER Stress and that ER stress can increase the expression of certain cytokines as well.  Therefore, cytokine profiling provides a valuable tool for examining the relationship between cytokine expression and ER stress response.  Signosis’ ER stress ELISA Strip allows quantitative profiling and measures 8 ER stress-associated cytokines. The list of cytokines is as follows: TNFα, IL-1β,IFNγ, IL-6 ,IGF-1, MCP-1, Leptin and TGFβ .

Detection Range:
    8 - 2000 pg/mL

Sensitivity:
    5 - 10 pg/mL

Applicable Grid:

List of Applicable Cytokines

TNFα

IL-1β

IFNγ

IL-6

IGF-1

MCP-1

Leptin

TGFβ

 

Principle

Each well of the strip is coated with a specific capture antibody to detect its corresponding cytokine in the sample. Therefore, eight different proteins can be measured simultaneously. In this assay, the test sample initially reacts with the solid phase capture antibody, resulting in the cytokine being bound to the well. The wells are then washed to remove unbound proteins, and biotin-linked antibodies are added to bind to the cytokines. After washing away the unbound antibodies, Streptavidin-HRP conjugate is added to form a complex with the antibody-bound cytokines. After incubation, the wells are washed to remove unbound Streptavidin-HRP conjugate. The HRP substrate, TMB, is then added and forms a blue color when the HRP-linked antibodies are detected. The reaction is then terminated with Stop Solution, which changes the color from blue to yellow. The cytokine concentration in each well is directly proportional to its color intensity and can be quantified by measuring its optical density at 450 nm (OD450) in a microplate reader.

Literature

View user manual

 

Citations

Platelet lysate gel and endothelial progenitors stimulate microvascular network formation in vitro: tissue engineering implications. TM Fortunato, C Beltrami, C Emanueli, A Paul, G Pula - Scientific Reports, 2016, Article number: 25326 (2016)doi:10.1038/srep25326

Green tea and quercetin sensitize PC-3 xenograft prostate tumors to docetaxel chemotherapy.   Piwen WangEmail author, Susanne M. Henning, Clara E. Magyar, Yahya Elshimali, David Heber and Jaydutt V. Vadgama. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research201635:73 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0351-x

Aging Impairs VEGF-Mediated, Androgen-Dependent Regulation Of Angiogenesis. Laura Lecce1,2,*, Yuen Ting Lam1,2,*, Laura A. Lindsay2, Sui Ching Yuen1,2, Philippa J. L. Simpson1,2, David J. Handelsman2,3, andMartin K. C. Ng1,2,4  Mol Endorinl. 2014 Jul24 :,e20131405. 

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A Novel Multiparameter In Vitro Model of Three-Dimensional Cell Ingress Into Scaffolds for Dermal Reconstruction to Predict In Vivo Outcome. García-Gareta E, Ravindran N, Sharma V, Samizadeh S, Dye JF. Biores Open Access.  2013 41974;2(6):412-20.
 
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Hypoxia differentially regulates arterial and venous smooth muscle cell proliferation via PDGFR-β and VEGFR-2 expression. Chanakira A, Dutta R, Charboneau R, Barke R, Santilli SM, Roy S. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol., 2012 Mar;302:H1173-H1184.
 
miR-21 modulates tumor outgrowth induced by human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Shin KK, Lee AL, Kim JY, Lee SY, Bae YC, Jung JS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 2012 Jun;422(4):633-8.
 
In vitro endothelial cell response to ionic dissolution products from boron-doped bioactive glass in the SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Na2O system . LAH Durand, A Góngora, JMP López, AR Boccaccini. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2014,2, 7620-7630 DOI: 10.1039/C4TB01043D
 
Synthesis and Evaluation of New 4-Chloro-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(aliphatic/cyclic saturated amino)pyridazin-3(2H)-one Derivatives as Anticancer, Antiangiogenic, and Antioxidant Agents. VT Kamble, AS Sawant, SS Sawant, PM Pisal. Archiv der Pharmazie  Volume 348, Issue 5, pages 338–346, May 2015
 
Osteocyte apoptosis is mechanically regulated and induces angiogenesis in vitro. Cheung WY, Liu C, Tonelli-Zasarsky RM, Simmons CA, You L. J Orthop Res. 2011 Apr;29(4):523-30.
 
A Novel Function of p38-Regulated/Activated Kinase in Endothelial Cell Migration and Tumor Angiogenesis. Yoshizuka N, Chen RM, Xu Z, Liao R, Hong L, Hu WY, Yu G, Han J, Chen L, Sun P. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2012 Feb; 32:606-618.
 
NF1 gene silencing induces upregulation of VEGF expression in both Schwann and non-Schwann cells.
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Modulation of Matrix Metalloprotease-2 Levels by Mechanical Loading of Three-Dimensional Mesenchymal Stem Cell Constructs: Impact on In Vitro Tube Formation. Glaeser. , Geissler S, Ode A, Schipp CJ, Matziolis G, Taylor WR, Knaus P, Perka C, Duda GN, Kasper G. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Oct;16(10):3139-48.
 
A Novel Function of p38-Regulated/Activated Kinase in Endothelial Cell Migration and Tumor Angiogenesis. Yoshizuka N, Chen RM, Xu Z, Liao R, Hong L, Hu WY, Yu G, Han J, Chen L, Sun P. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2012 Feb;32:606-618.
 
miR-21 modulates tumor outgrowth induced by human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Shin KK, Lee AL, Kim JY, Lee SY, Bae YC, Jung JS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 2012 Jun;422(4):633-8.
 
Influence of heirloom tomato polyphenol extracts on expression of inflammation genes in bovine. Gyenai K, Mikiashvili N, Ismail H, Worku M. Am J Animal Vet Sci 2012;7(3):126-135.
 
Functional effects of nanoparticle exposure on Calu-3 airway epithelial cells. Banga A, Witzmann FA, Petrache HI, Blazer-Yost BL. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2012;29(1-2):197-212.
 
Dipyridamole prevents triple-negative breast-cancer progression. Spano D, Marshall JC, Marino N, De Martino D, Romano A, Scoppettuolo MN, Bello AM, Di Dato V, Navas L, De Vita G, Medaglia C, Steeg PS, Zollo M. Clin Exp Metastasis., 2013 Jan;30(1):47-68.
 
Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 induces tumor necrosis factor-α production from keratinocytes: implication for involvement in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Ishitsuka Y, Kawachi Y, Maruyama H, Taguchi S, Fujisawa Y, Furuta J, Nakamura Y, Ishii Y, Otsuka F. J Invest Dermatol.  2013 Nov;133(11):2566-75.

Intercellular communication of cellular stress monitored by -H2AX induction, Dickey JS, Baird BJ, Redon CE, Sokolov MV, Sedelnikova OA, Bonner WM. Carcinogenesis., 2009 Oct;30:1686-1695.

Non-apoptotic function of caspases in a cellular model of hydrogen peroxide-associated colitis. Poehlmann A, Reissig K, Just A, Walluscheck D, Hartig R, Schinlauer A, Lessel W, Guenther T, Silver A, Steinberg P, Roessner A. J Cell Mol Med., 2013 Jun doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12079. [Epub ahead of print].
 
Infection and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human brain vascular pericytes by human cytomegalovirus. Alcendor DJ, Charest AM, Zhu WQ, Vigil HE, Knobel SM. Neuroinflammation., 2012 May;9:95.
 
A 24-week dietary and physical activity lifestyle intervention reduces hepatic >insulin resistance in the obese with chronic hepatitis C. Pattullo V, Duarte-Rojo A, Soliman W, Vargas-Vorackova F, Sockalingam S, Fantus IG, Allard J, Heathcote J. Liver Int. 2013 Mar;33(3):410-9.

Amelioration of Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury by L-carnitine Via Down Regulation of the Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis.N Hadi, F Al-Amran, M Yousif, M Alrekabi - 2014 EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY

Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5: A potential therapeutic target formalignant mesotheliomas. Shukla A, Miller JM, Cason C, Sayan M, Macpherson MB, Beuschel SL, Hillegass JM, Vacek PM, Pass H,Mossman BT. Clin Cancer Res., 2013 Apr;19(8):2071-83.
 
Carrageenan-induced Colonic Inflammation is Reduced in Bcl10-Null Mice and Increased in IL-10 Deficient Mice. Bhattacharyya S, Xue L, Devkota S, Chang E, Morris S, Tobacman JK. Mediators Inflamm., 2013;2013:397642.
 
Non-apoptotic function of caspases in a cellular model of hydrogen peroxide-associated colitis. Poehlmann A, Reissig K, Just A, Walluscheck D, Hartig R, Schinlauer A, Lessel W, Guenther T, Silver A, Steinberg P, Roessner A. J Cell Mol Med., 2013 Jun doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12079. [Epub ahead of print].