Description(s):

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a member of a family of proteins that inhibit plasminogen activators. It is a single-chain glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 47 kDa. PAI-1 is the primary inhibitor of tPA and other plasminogen activators in the blood. PAI-1 is mainly produced by the endothelial cells. PAI-1 is also synthesized by adipose tissue. The production of PAI-1 by adipose tissue that elevates plasma PAI-1 levels was observed in insulin resistant patients. Increased PAI-1 levels have been shown to be associated with a number of atherosclerotic risk factors. Insulin and proinsulin correlate with PAI-1 levels. Patients with insulin resistance syndrome and diabetes mellitus tend to have increased PAI-1 levels. Weight loss and treatment aimed at lowering triglyceride and/or cholesterol levels have also been shown to lower PAI-1 levels.

Detection Range:
- 16 - 1000 pg/mL 

Sensitivity:
- 8 pg/mL

Principle

The ELISA is based on the principle of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay utilizes a mouse anti-human cytokine antibody for immobilization on the microtiter wells and goat anti-human cytokine antibodies along with streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for detection. The test sample is allowed to react simultaneously with the two antibodies, resulting in the molecules of the cytokine being sandwiched between the solid phase and enzyme-linked antibodies. After incubation, the wells are washed to remove unbound-labeled antibodies. A HRP substrate, TMB, is added to result in the development of a blue color. The color development is then stopped with the addition of Stop Solution changing the color to yellow. The concentration of the cytokine is directly proportional to the color intensity of the test sample. Absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm.

Data

 

 

 

Literature

View user manual

Citations

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2,4,5-TMBA, a Bitter Principle in Plants, Suppresses Adipogenesis through the Regulation of ERK1. YW Wang, CF Kuo - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014.
 
Disruption of Src function potentiates Chk1-inhibitor–induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Dai Y, Chen S, Shah R, Pei XY, Wang L, Almenara JA, Kramer LB, Dent P, Grant S. Blood. 2011 Feb 10;117(6):1947-57. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291146. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
 
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Restraint stress alters neutrophil and macrophage phenotypes during wound healing. Tymen SD, Rojas IG, Zhou X, Fang ZJ, Zhao Y, Marucha PT. Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Feb;28:207-17. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Aug 3. 

Oxidized LDL-induced angiogenesis involves sphingosine-1-phosphate. Prevention by anti-S1P antibody. C Camaré, M Trayssac, B Garmy‐Susini, E Mucher. British Journal of Pharmacology 2014.Volume 172, Issue 1, pages 106–118, January 2015.
 
Mitogenic Activity of Sulfated Chitosan and Cellulose Derivatives is Related to Protection of FGF-2 from Proteolytic Cleavage. Weltrowski A, da Silva Almeida ML, Peschel D, Zhang K, Fischer S, Groth T. Macromol Biosci. 2012 Jun;12(6):740-50. 
 
CCL18 in a Multiplex Urine-Based Assay for the Detection of Bladder Cancer.  Urquidi V, Kim J, Chang M, Dai Y, Rosser CJ, Goodison S.  PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37797. 
 
The Effect of e-learning on the Promotion of Optoelectronics Technology and Daily Livings Literacy among Students in Universities of Technology. Chen CP, Tai DW, Chen WJ, Lai HM. World Academyof Science, Engineering and Technology., 2012; 65:439-443.
 
Suppression of Transcription Factor Early Growth Response 1 Reduces Herpes Simplex Virus Type I-induced Corneal Disease in Mice. Yao HW, Chen SH, Li C, Tung YY, Chen SH. J Virol. 2012 Aug;86(16):8559-67. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00505-12. Epub 2012 May 30.
 
Synergism of plant-derived polyphenols in adipogenesis: Perspectives and implications. Herranz-López M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Pérez-Sanchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Menéndez JA, Alonso-Villaverde C, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J,Micol V.  Phytomedicine. 2012 Feb 15;19(3-4):253-61. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.001. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
 
Adipokines (adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhhibitor-1) in metabolic syndrome. Garg MK, Dutta MK, Mahalle N. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;16(1):116-23.
 
Field-effect amperometric immuno-detection of protein biomarker. Wang J, Yau ST. Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Nov 15;29(1):210-4. 
 
Multiplex Protein Signature for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Voided Urine Samples. Rosser CJ, Ross S, Chang M, Dai Y, Mengual L, Zhang G, Kim J, Urquidi V, Alcaraz A, Goodison S. J Urol. 2013 Jun pii: S0022-5347(13)04581-3. [Epub ahead of print].
 
Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-α-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells. Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC.  J Cell Biochem. 2011 Oct;112(10):2891-901.

Reduced plasma adiponectin levels relative to oxidized low density lipoprotein and nitric oxide in coronary artery disease patients. Basati G, Pourfarzam M, Movahedian A, Samsamshariat SZ, Sarrafzadegan N.  Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(7):1129-35.

A Multi-Analyte Assay for the Non-Invasive Detection of Bladder Cancer. Goodison S, Chang M, Dai Y, Urquidi V, Rosser CJ. PLoS One., 2012;7(10):e47469. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047469. Epub 2012 Oct 19. 
 
Multiplex Protein Signature for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Voided Urine Samples. Rosser CJ, Ross S, Chang M, Dai Y, Mengual L, Zhang G, Kim J, Urquidi V, Alcaraz A, Goodison S. J Urol. 2013 Jun pii: S0022-5347(13)04581-3. [Epub ahead of print].
  
Duplexed On-Microbead Binding Assay for Competitive Inhibitor of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by Quantitative Flow Cytometry. Lan WJ, Hao GK, Wang J, Zhang RH, Lan W, Wang RM, Sun R, Wang TF. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010 Jul;107(1):560-4. 
 
Altered Intramuscular Lipid Metabolism Relates to Diminished Insulin Action in Men, but Not Women, in Progression to Diabetes.  Perreault L, Bergman BC, Hunerdosse DM, Eckel RH. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Nov;18(11):2093-100. 
 
Decreased plasma cytokines associate with low platelet counts in aplastic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Feng X, Scheinberg P, Samsel L, Rios O, Chen J, McCoy JP Jr, Ghanima W, Bussel JB, Young NS.  J Thromb Haemost. 2012 Aug;10(8):1616-23.
 
Label-Free Quantitation of a Cancer Biomarker in Complex Media Using Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators.  Washburn AL, Gunn LC, Bailey RC. Anal Chem. 2009 Nov 15;81(22):9499-506.
 
Cancer biomarkers detection using 3D microstructured protein chip: Implementation of customized multiplex immunoassay. Yanga Z, Chevolota Y, Ataman-Önalb Y, Choquet-Kastylevskyb G, Souteyranda E, Laurenceaua E. Sens Actuators B Chem., 2012 Dec;175:22-28.