Characterization

Description(s):

Cytokines are extracellular signaling proteins produced by different cell types that act on target cells to modulate diverse cellular functions, such as recruiting specific cell types to the site of inflammation, increasing the activation and survival of immune cells, or suppressing cellular activity. Inflammation is the response of tissue to injury. During both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, a variety of soluble factors are involved in the cellular infiltrate, the cellular activation, and the systemic responses to inflammation. Cytokines are major determinants of inflammatory responses. Most cytokines are multifunctional molecules that elicit their effects locally or systemically in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Cytokines are involved in extensive networks that involve synergistic as well as antagonistic interactions and exhibit both negative and positive regulatory effects on various target cells. Therefore, profiling the expression pattern of cytokines provides a valuable insight to the underlying immunological mechanisms. Signosis’ Rat Inflammation ELISA Strip allows quantitatively profiling and measuring 8 inflammation cytokines.

Detection Range:
    8 - 2000 pg/mL

Sensitivity:
    5 - 10 pg/mL

Applicable Grid:

List of Applicable Cytokines

TNFα

IL-6

IFNγ

IL-1α

IL-1β

MCP-1

Rantes

MIP-1α

 

Principle

Each well of the strip is coated with a specific capture antibody to detect its corresponding cytokine in the sample. Therefore, eight different proteins can be measured simultaneously. In this assay, the test sample initially reacts with the solid phase capture antibody, resulting in the cytokine being bound to the well. The wells are then washed to remove unbound proteins, and biotin-linked antibodies are added to bind to the cytokines. After washing away the unbound antibodies, Streptavidin-HRP conjugate is added to form a complex with the antibody-bound cytokines. After incubation, the wells are washed to remove unbound Streptavidin-HRP conjugate. The HRP substrate, TMB, is then added and forms a blue color when the HRP-linked antibodies are detected. The reaction is then terminated with Stop Solution, which changes the color from blue to yellow. The cytokine concentration in each well is directly proportional to its color intensity and can be quantified by measuring its optical density at 450 nm (OD450) in a microplate reader.

 

 

 

Data

 

 

 

Literature

View user manual

 

Citations

Poor Wheel-Running Exercise Can Decrease Blood Pressure through Hormonal Control and Increase Endurance Exercise Capacity in Middle-Aged Normal Rats. S Sakata, T Hanaoka, R Ishizawa, K Iwami, Y Takada. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 2015, 3, 10-24.

Effect of Fructooligosaccharides Fraction from Psacalium decompositum on Inflammation and Dyslipidemia in Rats with Fructose-Induced Obesity. Merino-Aguilar H, Arrieta-Baez D, Jiménez-Estrada M, Magos-Guerrero G, Hernández-Bautista RJ, Susunaga-Notario AC, Almanza-Pérez JC, Blancas-Flores G, Román-Ramos R, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ. Nutrients 2014 ;6, 591-604.
 
Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) Rescue of Adipocyte Dysfunction in HO-2 Deficient Mice via Recruitment of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) and Adiponectin. Burgess AP, Vanella L, Bellner L, Gotlinger K, Falck JR, Abraham NG, Schwartzman ML, Kappas A. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2012;29(1-2):99-110.

Lactobacillus johnsonii inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and alters tryptophan metabolite levels in BioBreeding rats. Valladares R, Bojilova L, Potts AH, Cameron E, Gardner C, Lorca G, Gonzalez CF. FASEB J. 2013 Apr;27(4):1711-20.
 
Pharmacologic suppression of inflammation by a dipheyldifluoroketone, EF24, in a rat model of fixed-volume hemorrhage improves survival. Yadav VR, Sahoo K, Roberts PR, Awasthi V. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Aug.[Epub ahead of print].
 
Macrophage Adiponectin Expression Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Protects Against Inflammation and Atherosclerosis, Luo N, Liu J, Chung BH, Yang Q, Klein RL, Garvey WT, Fu Y. Diabetes. 2010 Apr;59(4):791-9.
 
Chemopreventive efficacy of hesperetin (citrus flavonone) against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2012 Jun;22(5):397-408. 
 
Mechanisms underlying the varied mammary carcinogenicity of theenvironmental pollutant 6-nitrochrysene and its metabolites (-)-[R,R]- and (+)-[S,S] -1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-nitrochrysene in the rat. Sun YW, Guttenplan JB, Cooper T, Krzeminski J, Aliaga C, Boyiri T, Kosinska W, Zhao ZL, Chen KM, Berg A, Amin SG, El-Bayoumy K. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print]
 
Prenatal activation of Toll-like receptors-3 by administration of the viral mimetic poly(I:C) changes synaptic proteins, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and neurogenesis markers in offspring. Forrest CM, Khalil OS, Pisar M, Smith RA, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Mol Brain., 2012 Jun;5(1):22.
 
Pharmacologic suppression of inflammation by a dipheyldifluoroketone, EF24, in a rat model of fixed-volume hemorrhage improves survival. Yadav VR, Sahoo K, Roberts PR, Awasthi V. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Aug.[Epub ahead of print].
 
Acute inflammatory responses of nanoparticles in an intra-tracheal instillation rat model.AL Armstead, VC Minarchick, DW Porter… - PloS one, 2015. Published: March 4, 2015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118778.

Improvement by the Phytotherapeutic Agent Eviprostat of Detrusor Overactivity, Downregulation of Pharmacological Receptors and Urinary Cytokines in Rats with  Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis. Nasrin S, Masuda,  E, Kugaya H, Ito Y, Yamada S.  J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):1123-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.054. Epub 2012 Sep 20.
 
Effects of Saw Palmetto Extract on Urodynamic Parameters, Bladder Muscarinic and Purinergic Receptors and Urinary Cytokines in Rats with Cyclophosphamide. Nasrin S, Masuda E, Kugaya H, Ito Y, Yamada S. J Urol. 2013 Mar;189(3):1123-9. 
 
Massage Improves Growth Quality by Decreasing Body FatDeposition in Male Preterm Infants. Moyer-Mileur LJ, Haley S, Slater H, Beachy J, Smith SL. J Pediatr. 2012 Oct 11.

Chemopreventive efficacy of hesperetin (citrus flavonone) against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Nalini N, Aranganathan S, Kabalimurthy J. Toxicol Mech Methods.,2012 Jun;22(5):397-408.

Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue accelerates healing of chronic gastric ulcer in diabetic rats. Yen-Cheng Chen, Ching-Chun Ho, Chih-Hsun Yi, Xiu-Zhu Liu, Tzu-Ting Cheng, Chen-Fuh Lam.  Plos One, vol. 12, no. 11, Feb. 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187434.

Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Boarescu, Paul-Mihai, et al. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2019, 2019, pp. 1–13., doi:10.1155/2019/7847142.

Effects of Exogenous Neuroglobin (Ngb) on Retinal Inflammatory Chemokines and Microglia in a Rat Model of Transient Hypoxia. Tun, Sai Bo Bo, Veluchamy Amutha Barathi, Chi D. Luu, Myoe Naing Lynn, and Anita S. Y. Chan. Scientific Reports 9.1 (2019): 

Schisandrin B improves cerebral ischemia and reduces reperfusion injury in rats through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition. Xingjuan Fan, Kenneth Elkin, Yunwei Shi, Zhihong Zhang, Yaqin Cheng, Jingxiao Gu, Jiale Liang, Caiping Wang & Xunming Ji. Neurological Research, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1782079.

Singular and short-term anesthesia exposure in the developing brain induces persistent neuronal changes consistent with chronic neurodegenerative disease. Hogarth, K., Vanama, R.B., Stratmann, G. et al. Sci Rep 11, 5673 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85125-5

Persistent Abnormal Immunocytes Induced Systemic Bone Loss in Locally Irradiated Rats. Hong, W., Tang, L., Ge, R. et al.  Calcif Tissue Int (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00883-8